Sensory & Perceptual Alterations

Sensory deficits (vision or hearing impairment) require specific communication adjustments rather than simply speaking louder or repeating the same approach that isn't working — for a patient with hearing loss, facing them directly so they can see the nurse's face and lips, minimizing background noise, and confirming a hearing aid is in place and functioning (checking the battery if communication seems unexpectedly difficult) are more effective than raising one's voice, which can distort speech sounds and feel patronizing. For a patient with vision loss, identifying oneself by name when entering the room, orienting the patient to the layout of an unfamiliar space, and describing actions before performing them (rather than silently touching or moving the patient) reduce disorientation and preserve the patient's sense of control.