Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis & Mobility Preservation

Osteoporosis is a loss of bone density that raises fracture risk, often silently, until a fracture (commonly hip, wrist, or vertebral compression) occurs from a relatively minor fall. Prevention and management teaching covers adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, regular weight-bearing exercise (which stimulates bone formation), smoking cessation, and fall-proofing the home environment. Bisphosphonates (a common medication class) come with a specific, frequently tested administration teaching point: take first thing in the morning on an empty stomach with a full glass of plain water, and remain upright (sitting or standing) for at least 30 minutes afterward without eating — lying down or eating too soon significantly increases the risk of esophageal irritation.